5.1 Nutrition in Humans
- Balanced Diet: Includes carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, fiber, and water.
- Nutrient Functions:
- Carbohydrates: Energy.
- Proteins: Growth and repair.
- Fats: Energy storage and insulation.
- Vitamins and Minerals: Maintain health.
5.2 Malnutrition
- Examples:
- Obesity: Excess energy intake.
- Kwashiorkor: Protein deficiency.
- Scurvy: Vitamin C deficiency.
- Rickets: Vitamin D deficiency.
5.3 Human Digestive System
- Organs:
- Mouth: Digestion begins with enzymes (amylase).
- Esophagus: Transports food.
- Stomach: Protein digestion (pepsin), hydrochloric acid.
- Small Intestine: Digestion and absorption.
- Large Intestine: Water absorption.
- Anus: Egestion.
5.4 Digestive Enzymes
| Enzyme | Substrate | Product | Where it Works |
|---|
| Amylase | Starch | Maltose | Mouth, Small Intestine |
| Protease | Proteins | Amino acids | Stomach, Small Intestine |
| Lipase | Fats | Fatty acids + Glycerol | Small Intestine |